ORA-00214: control file 控制文件版本不一致

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1258291200 bytes
Fixed Size                  1219160 bytes
Variable Size             318768552 bytes
Database Buffers          922746880 bytes
Redo Buffers               15556608 bytes
ORA-00214: control file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl' version 599
inconsistent with file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl' version 541

故障分析

1、根据错误提示为控制文件版本不一致导致。控制文件原理为维护数据库的当前物理状态，为二进制的文件，数据库打开的时候控制文件一致变化。主要记录数据库名字、标示、当前日志SCN、表空间信息等。理论上3个控制文件应该一致。
2、因为版本不一致，且控制文件2版本最新为version 599.

故障解决

1、在操作系统上，备份所有控制文件，同时使用控制文件control02.ctl覆盖重命名control01.ctl、control03.ctl，保证版本一致。
2、操作后，数据库启动正常，可以使用，问题解决。

ORA-01194 ORA-01110

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

SYS@orcl>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 747999 generated at 04/09/2014 15:03:10 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/archive/arch_1_46_808410282.dbf
ORA-00280: change 747999 for thread 1 is in sequence #46

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

ORA-01112: media recovery not started

根据上面提示的内容，注意到 ‘change 747999’ 和 ‘sequence #46’
从网上看到一条语句，可以查出redo logs ，注意要用sys：

SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba                        
Connected.
SYS@orcl>select v1.group#, member, sequence#, first_change# from v$log, v$logfile v2 where v1.group# = v2.group#;

    GROUP# MEMBER                                              SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE#
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- -------------
         1 /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log                         0             0
         3 /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log                         0             0
         2 /opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log                         0             0

从结果里根据 sequence# 和 first_change# 找到了要用到的log file name:
/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

在 Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} 下面输入：

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

SYS@orcl>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 747999 generated at 04/09/2014 15:03:10 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/archive/arch_1_46_808410282.dbf
ORA-00280: change 747999 for thread 1 is in sequence #46

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/opt/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.

SYS@orcl>alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.