从debian仓库安装cv2依赖

sudo apt-get install libopencv-dev python-opencv

以下通过脚本批量操作

# 1. KEEP UBUNTU OR DEBIAN UP TO DATE
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get -y autoremove

# 2. INSTALL THE DEPENDENCIES
# Build tools:
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake

# GUI (if you want to use GTK instead of Qt, replace 'qt5-default' with 'libgtkglext1-dev' and remove '-DWITH_QT=ON' option in CMake):
sudo apt-get install -y qt5-default libvtk6-dev

# Media I/O:
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev libjpeg-dev libwebp-dev libpng-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libopenexr-dev libgdal-dev

# Video I/O:
sudo apt-get install -y libdc1394-22-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev yasm libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libv4l-dev libxine2-dev

# Parallelism and linear algebra libraries:
sudo apt-get install -y libtbb-dev libeigen3-dev

# Python:
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev python-tk python-numpy python3-dev python3-tk python3-numpy

# Java:
# sudo apt-get install -y ant default-jdk

# Documentation:
sudo apt-get install -y doxygen

# 3. INSTALL THE LIBRARY (YOU CAN CHANGE '3.2.0' FOR THE LAST STABLE VERSION)
sudo apt-get install -y unzip wget
wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/3.2.0.zip
unzip 3.2.0.zip
rm 3.2.0.zip
mv opencv-3.2.0 OpenCV
cd OpenCV
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DWITH_QT=ON -DWITH_OPENGL=ON -DFORCE_VTK=ON -DWITH_TBB=ON -DWITH_GDAL=ON -DWITH_XINE=ON -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -DENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF ..
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

Linux系统下安装cv2模块

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

安装依赖项

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
sudo apt-get install libopencv-dev python3-opencv

验证安装

python3
 >>
import cv2
print(cv2.__version__)