前言

登录页面会遇到滑动解锁，滑动解锁的目的就是为了防止别人用代码登录(也就是为了防止你自动化登录)，有些滑动解锁是需要去拼图这种会难一点。

有些直接拖到最最右侧就可以了，本篇讲下使用 selenium web 自动化的时候如何滑动解锁。

滑动解锁场景

看下图，是我本地写的一个 slider.html 网页

除了输入账号和密码，还需将滑块拖动到最右端才能解锁

最后才去点登陆按钮

ActionChains 滑动滑块

查看 ActionChains 使用源码，相关介绍

ActionChains是一种自动化低级交互的方法，比如鼠标移动、鼠标按钮操作、按键和上下文菜单交互。这对于执行更复杂的操作(如悬停和拖放)非常有用

在调用ActionChains对象上的操作方法时，这些操作存储在ActionChains对象的队列中。调用perform()时，事件将按其顺序激发排队等候。

使用上有2种实例，一种可用于链模式

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")

hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()

另外一种方式操作可以一个接一个排队，然后执行

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")

hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

actions = ActionChains(driver)

actions.move_to_element(menu)

actions.click(hidden_submenu)

actions.perform()

不管是哪种方式，动作都是按照调用的顺序执行的，一个接一个另一个。

实现代码

selenium 里面滑动滑块需用到鼠标事件，回放下刚才操作的慢动作：按住 >> 按钮 -> 往右移动鼠标到最右端 -> 释放鼠标 -> 解锁成功

于是会用到click_and_hold move_by_offset release 这三个方法，最后用 perform() 执行

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

# 作者-上海悠悠 QQ交流群:717225969

# blog地址 https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyoketang/

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("file:///C:/Users/dell/Desktop/slider.html")

driver.maximize_window()

driver.find_element_by_id('id_username').send_keys("yoyo")

driver.find_element_by_id('id_password').send_keys("123456")

slider = driver.find_element_by_class_name("slider")

# 滑块解锁

action = ActionChains(driver)

action.click_and_hold(slider) # 按住

action.move_by_offset(248, 0) # 往右偏移248个像素

action.release() # 释放鼠标

action.perform() # 执行

# 点登陆按钮

# driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@type="submit"]').click()

具体拖动多少像素，可以拖动鼠标后看偏移量，如下图 248px

ActionChains 相关源码

ActionChains 相关源码和使用说明

class ActionChains(object):

"""

一种方式操作可以一个接一个排队，然后执行

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")

hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()

另外一种方式操作可以一个接一个排队，然后执行

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")

hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

actions = ActionChains(driver)

actions.move_to_element(menu)

actions.click(hidden_submenu)

actions.perform()

不管是哪种方式，动作都是按照调用的顺序执行的，一个接一个另一个。

"""

def __init__(self, driver):

def perform(self):

"""

执行所有的动作，放到最后

"""

def reset_actions(self):

"""

Clears actions that are already stored locally and on the remote end

"""

def click(self, on_element=None):

"""

点击元素

:Args:

- on_element: The element to click.

If None, clicks on current mouse position.

"""

def click_and_hold(self, on_element=None):

"""

按住鼠标左键

:Args:

- on_element: The element to mouse down.

If None, clicks on current mouse position.

"""

def context_click(self, on_element=None):

"""

点击鼠标右键

:Args:

- on_element: The element to context-click.

If None, clicks on current mouse position.

"""

def double_click(self, on_element=None):

"""

双击鼠标

:Args:

- on_element: The element to double-click.

If None, clicks on current mouse position.

"""

def drag_and_drop(self, source, target):

"""

按住鼠标左键在元素source上，然后拖动元素target位置并释放鼠标

:Args:

- source: The element to mouse down.

- target: The element to mouse up.

"""

def drag_and_drop_by_offset(self, source, xoffset, yoffset):

"""

在source元素上按住鼠标左键，然后移动到目标偏移(相对source元素的偏移)并释放鼠标按钮

:Args:

- source: The element to mouse down.

- xoffset: X offset to move to.

- yoffset: Y offset to move to.

"""

def key_down(self, value, element=None):

"""

同时按住几个键不释放，只能与修改键(Control、Alt和Shift)一起使用

:Args:

- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in `Keys` class.

- element: The element to send keys.

If None, sends a key to current focused element.

Example, pressing ctrl+c::

ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()

"""

def key_up(self, value, element=None):

"""

释放按住的键，跟上面一个相对应

:Args:

- value: The modifier key to send. Values are defined in Keys class.

- element: The element to send keys.

If None, sends a key to current focused element.

Example, pressing ctrl+c::

ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()

"""

def move_by_offset(self, xoffset, yoffset):

"""

将鼠标移动到距当前鼠标位置的偏移位置。

:Args:

- xoffset: X offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.

- yoffset: Y offset to move to, as a positive or negative integer.

"""

def move_to_element(self, to_element):

"""

将鼠标移到元素的中间

:Args:

- to_element: The WebElement to move to.

"""

def move_to_element_with_offset(self, to_element, xoffset, yoffset):

"""

按指定元素的偏移量移动鼠标。偏移相对于元素的左上角。

:Args:

- to_element: The WebElement to move to.

- xoffset: X offset to move to.

- yoffset: Y offset to move to.

"""

def pause(self, seconds):

""" 在指定的持续时间内暂停所有输入(以秒为单位)"""

def release(self, on_element=None):

"""

在元素上释放按住的鼠标按钮。

:Args:

- on_element: The element to mouse up.

If None, releases on current mouse position.

"""

def send_keys(self, *keys_to_send):

"""

将键发送到当前聚焦元素。

:Args:

- keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the

'Keys' class.

"""

def send_keys_to_element(self, element, *keys_to_send):

"""

向元素发送键。

:Args:

- element: The element to send keys.

- keys_to_send: The keys to send. Modifier keys constants can be found in the

'Keys' class.

"""