一、简介

Selenium是一个WEB自动化测试工具。

二、安装

环境：

• Win7
• Python2.7.13
• pip

1. pip安装

 pip install selenium 

2. 下载setup安装脚本安装

下载地址：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/selenium/2.42.1
下载解压后使用命令：

python setup.py install

3. 一些问题处理

• 中文文档地址
• 提示 Message: ‘geckodriver’ executable needs to be in PATH

下载driver：
https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
放到Python所在的目录里。

4. chromedriver地址

https://code.google.com/p/chromedriver/downloads/list
http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html

要注意的是Chrome 45以上版本不再支持Flash，如果测试带Flash的站点请使用45以下版本。

chromedriver版本	支持的Chrome版本
v2.30	v58-60
v2.29	v56-58
v2.28	v55-57
v2.27	v54-56
v2.26	v53-55
v2.25	v53-55
v2.24	v52-54
v2.23	v51-53
v2.22	v49-52
v2.21	v46-50
v2.20	v43-48
v2.19	v43-47
v2.18	v43-46
v2.17	v42-43
v2.13	v42-45
v2.15	v40-43
v2.14	v39-42
v2.13	v38-41
v2.12	v36-40
v2.11	v36-40
v2.10	v33-36
v2.9	v31-34
v2.8	v30-33
v2.7	v30-33
v2.6	v29-32
v2.5	v29-32
v2.4	v29-32

三、 一些方法

1. 窗口操作及选择器示例

## 浏览器最大化
driver.maximize_window()
## 设置浏览器的高度为800像素，宽度为480像素
driver.set_window_size(480, 800)
## 浏览器后退
driver.back()
## 浏览器前进
driver.forward()
## 执行js
js = 'selectTheme("red")'
driver.execute_script(js)
## 查找元素
driver.find_element_by_id('menudoc').click()
## 条件等待
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "submit")))

2. cookie操作示例

driver.add_cookie(
            {'name': 'key-neeeeew', 'value': 'value-neeeewwwww'})

# 遍历cookies 中的name 和value 信息打印，当然还有上面添加的信息
for cookie in self.driver.get_cookies():
    print("%s -> %s" % (cookie['name'], cookie['value']))
    print()

self.driver.delete_all_cookies()

cookies = self.driver.get_cookies()
print(cookies)

3. 文本框处理

password_field = driver.find_element_by_name('password')
password_field.clear()
account_field.send_keys('demo')
 print(companyname.get_attribute('type'))

四、示例

1. 打开一个网站

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
## 引入WebDriver的包
from selenium import webdriver

## 创建浏览器对象
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

## 打开百度网站
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

2. 选择器及模拟按键

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
assert u'百度一下，你就知道' in browser.title
elem = browser.find_element_by_name('wd')
elem.send_keys('seleniumhq' + Keys.RETURN)
browser.quit()

3. 窗口最大化及截屏

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
 
dcap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = ("Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:25.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/25.0 ")

obj = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=dcap)
obj.implicitly_wait(5)
obj.set_page_load_timeout(5)
obj.maximize_window()
try:
    obj.get('https://www.baidu.com')
    obj.save_screenshot("11.png")
    print obj.find_element_by_id('cp').text
except Exception as e:
    print e

obj.quit()

4. 点击及截屏

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/list/list/')
data = driver.page_source

driver.find_element_by_id('search_form_input_homepage').send_keys("Nirvana")
driver.find_element_by_id('search_button_homepage').click()
driver.get_screenshot_as_file('show.png')
print (data)
driver.quit()

5. 等待元素出现

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

browser = webdriver.Firefox() # Get local session of firefox
browser.get("http://www.yahoo.com") # Load page
assert "Yahoo!" in browser.title
elem = browser.find_element_by_name("p") # Find the query box
elem.send_keys("seleniumhq" + Keys.RETURN)
time.sleep(0.2) # Let the page load, will be added to the API
try:
    browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[contains(@href,'http://seleniumhq.org')]")
except NoSuchElementException:
    assert 0, "can't find seleniumhq"
browser.close()

6. 注入js

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# 
from selenium import webdriver
import time  
def capture(url, save_fn="capture.png"):  
    browser = webdriver.Firefox() 
    # Get local session of firefox  
    browser.set_window_size(1200, 900)  
    browser.get(url) # Load page  
    browser.execute_script("""    
        (function () {      
            var y = 0;      
            var step = 100;      
            window.scroll(0, 0);       
            function f() {        
                if (y < document.body.scrollHeight) {          
                    y += step;          
                    window.scroll(0, y);          
                    setTimeout(f, 50);        
                } else 
                {          
                    window.scroll(0, 0);          
                    document.title += "scroll-done";        
                }      
            }
            setTimeout(f, 1000);})();  
        """)
    for i in xrange(30):    
        if "scroll-done" in browser.title:
            break
        time.sleep(1)
    browser.save_screenshot(save_fn)  
    browser.close()  
if __name__ == "__main__":   
    capture("http://www.sohu.com")

目前发现只能截一屏。

参考

• http://www.doc88.com/p-6621182114676.html
• http://www.cnblogs.com/qytang/p/5542228.html
• http://www.cnblogs.com/chenqingyang/p/3772673.html
• http://www.jianshu.com/p/3ce95cbc65be